| Implied Consent Laws in Driving Under the Influence of Drugs Cases |
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| Many states have an implied consent law that essentially provides that a person that drives a motor vehicle is deemed to have given consent to chemical testing of his or her blood or urine for the purpose of determining the drug content of the motorist's blood if the motorist is lawfully arrested. The implied consent laws generally penalize a motorist with license suspension or other sanctions if the motorist refuses to provide a sample of blood or urine for testing. However, some states, such as New Jersey, do not have an implied consent law for testing for drugs. Some states provide for testing, but do not provide for the taking of multiple samples. More... |
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| Warrantless Inventory Searches of Impounded Vehicles |
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| Under the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution, every search or seizure by a government agent must be reasonable. In general, searches and seizures are unreasonable and invalid unless based on probable cause and executed pursuant to a warrant. However, certain kinds of searches and seizures are valid as exceptions to the probable cause and warrant requirements. One such exception is an inventory search of an impounded vehicle. Court have upheld inventory searches of vehicles lawfully in police custody, including searches of the passenger compartment, glove compartment, trunk, engine compartments, and any containers in the vehicle. More... |
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| Double Jeopardy Defense in DWI/DUI Cases |
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| Drunk driving defendants have challenged the constitutionality of the states' dual use of administrative license suspension (ALS) statutes and criminal driving while intoxicated (DWI) prosecutions with the so-called Double Jeopardy Drunk Driving defense. More... |
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| Enhanced Sentencing for OUI/OWI Offenses |
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| The penalties imposed by states for operating while intoxicated (OWI) and operating under the influence (OUI) follow the same general pattern of penalties imposed by states enforcing laws for driving under the influence (DUI) and/or driving while intoxicated (DWI). Frequently, the sentencing provisions of the OWI/OUI laws impose greater penalties upon offenders who had prior OWI/OUI convictions, a prior related loss of license, or a "high" blood alcohol concentration (BAC). States vary in terms of the high-BAC threshold (which ranges from .15 to .20 percent), and the types, severity, and complexity of sanctions. More... |
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| Elements of OUI/OWI (Operating Under the Influence or While Intoxicated) |
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| There are various statutory formulations used to describe the requisite elements of the criminal act of drunk driving. In a number of states, the requisite act consists solely of ''operating.'' These laws are known by the acronyms, OWI (driving while intoxicated) or OUI (driving under the influence). More... |
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